Business enterprises are complex adaptive systems (CAS) subject to fragility caused by the non-linear effects of uncertain risk events. The regional bank collapses in the United States are a case in ...

Artificial life seeks to recreate the core hallmarks of living systems—self-regeneration, evolvability and learning—using computational, biochemical or robotic media. By engineering lifelike processes ...

In fields ranging from immunology and ecology to economics and thermodynamics, multi-scale complex systems are ubiquitous. They are also notoriously difficult to model. Conventional approaches take ...