In one respect, voltage is like water: you don't appreciate its value until your supply runs low. Low-voltage systems, defined here as a single power supply less than 5 V, teach us to appreciate ...

My hands-on introduction to operational amplifiers was in 1969 while in the army as a junior scientist in the Atmospheric Science Laboratory at the White Sands Proving Grounds. We had taken a ...

The very basics of operational amplifiers. Learn comparator, inverting, and non-inverting op-amp configurations. An operational amplifier, or op amp, is a dc-coupled high-gain electronic voltage ...

I was pondering a simple way with a low drop-out voltage to power a grounded LED from a grounded supercapacitor. Something that would be tolerant of the LED being powered from elsewhere when the ...

You can take an op amp with rare input characteristics and elevate it to achieve higher voltage range, better gain accuracy, higher slew rate, and less distortion than the original op amp. I was ...

In the last Circuit VR we looked at some basic op amp circuits in a simulator, including the non-inverting amplifier. Sometimes you want an amplifier that inverts the signal. That is a 5V input ...