Fourier's well-known heat equation, introduced in 1822, describes how temperature changes in space and time when heat flows through a material. In general, this formulation works well to describe heat ...

The study of controllability for parabolic and heat equations focuses on the capability to steer the temporal evolution of diffusion-dominated processes towards desired states. Central to this field ...

Users can use simple equipment to measure enthalpy, a term often associated with physicists but significantly relevant to daily life. Heat transfer plays a pivotal role in all these processes, and ...