Actions are not mediated solely by cortical processes but rely on communication within basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops. Speech is one example, although how the basal ganglia participate in this ...

Pupillometry, the precise measurement of pupil size and dynamics, has emerged as a valuable tool in evaluating both autonomic nervous system integrity and central neural function. In particular, ...

The substantia nigra is a motor nucleus located in the basal ganglia of the midbrain. This brain structure contributes to the body's cognitive and motor functions by sending signals to initiate or ...

A 90-year-old woman presented with a one-month history of a rapidly enlarging cystic lesion on the flexor aspect of her left fifth finger. The lesion was tender and caused impairment of function. A ...