Interferometers, devices that can modulate aspects of light, play the important role of modulating and switching light signals in fiber-optic communications networks and are frequently used for gas ...

Manufacturing a precision surface requires a balance between satisfying the optimum quality requirements at the minimum cost. Steve Martinek summarizes the challenges of increasing the precision ...

This article outlines how to measure, control, and stabilize the relative distance of two interferometer paths to sub-wavelength precision over numerous wavelengths, using the Zurich Instruments MFLI ...

X-ray imaging commonly relies on the attenuation contrast, in which the visibility of internal structures arises from different levels of radiation absorption. In comparison, phase-contrast imaging, ...

Matter has the mind-boggling ability to behave like waves as well as particles but it has taken physicists some time to exploit this effect. In recent years, however, various groups around the world ...

The following application note describes how to use the Zurich Instruments MFLI, a 500 kHz Lock-in Amplifier, for the purpose of measuring, stabilizing, and controlling the relative distance of two ...

Almost a century ago the concept of measuring surface roughness started as a way to stop disputes and uncertainty between buyers and manufacturers. Today, it is a common identifier that is utilized ...