Woody biomass and wheat straw are all sources of the natural polymer lignin with more than 50 megatons of lignin produced annually at commercial scale. However, most is burned to produce energy, which ...

In this study, polyurethane (PU) foams were manufactured using kraft lignin and castor oil as bio-based polyols by replacing 5–20 wt% and 10–100 wt% of conventional polyol, respectively. To ...

Lignin forms the polyphenolic network in wood that enables trees to stand upright, transport water and ions, and resist microbial attack. Although its structural complexity is often seen as a ...

Bio-bitumen is a bio-based asphalt binding obtainable through renewable biomass materials such as agricultural waste, plant oils, lignin, algae or even animal manure and is an environmentally friendly ...

BHUBANESWAR: Scientists at the CSIR-Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) have developed a bio-bitumen derived from paddy straw, offering a sustainable solution to both stubble burning and ...