Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...

In the case of an amplitude modulated signal they are easy to determine, but for frequency modulation the situation is not quite as straightforward. They are dependent upon not only the deviation, but ...

Quadrature amplitude modulation signalling is currently enabling rapid data transfer capacity growth, but it still has associated drawbacks. Here, Liu et al.use optical injection locking to ...

Measuring Modulation Oct 1, 2004 12:00 PM, By John Battison, P.E., technical editor, RF The average textbook definition of modulation reads: modulation is a process in which the frequency, phase or ...

PAM4 is a four-level pulse amplitude-modulated signal, which can be electrical or optical. Traditionally, digital signals are encoded for transmission in two levels, 0 and 1.

This tutorial explains the fundamentals of time-, frequency-, and modulation-domain analysis from the perspective of several examples.

See modulation and carrier. Vary the Amplitude In AM modulation, the voltage (amplitude) of the carrier is varied by the incoming signal. In this example, the modulating wave implies an analog signal.

This article explains the basics of signal generators and also explains the various architectures used to generate electronic signals.

AM, or amplitude modulation, was the earliest way of sending voice over radio waves. That makes sense because it is easy to modulate a signal and easy to demodulate it, as well.