In this extract from the new book Beautiful Experiments: An Illustrated History of Experimental Science, science writer Philip Ball explains how Isaac Newton transformed our understanding of light.

Refraction—the bending of light as it passes through different media—has long been constrained by physical laws that prevent independent control over how light waves along different directions ...

Refraction of light through a prism, dispersion of light, scattering of light, applications in daily life. Unit IV: Effects of Current Electric current, potential difference and electric current.