Many animals respond to unfavourable environmental changes in their habitat by migrating or dispersing to other areas. Seasonally recurring changes in habitat conditions have led to such spectacular ...

Even within the world of egg-laying animals, there is an incredible variety of reproductive strategies. Some species mate before the female lays her eggs, ensuring they are fertilized internally, ...

Symbiosis between fungi and microalgae gives rise to lichen. Some lichen, however, such as Lobaria scrobiculata, have a unique feature: the fungus establishes a symbiosis with a cyanobacteria, thus ...

Unlike their relatives, individuals of the poison frog Allobates femoralis are not poisonous but are captivating due to their different behavioral profiles: They successfully reproduce with different ...

The mating game in the animal kingdom is nothing less than fascinating and somewhat weird. Some species pierce, clone, chew, or even fake their way through the mating process. To make survival ...

A small group of leopard sharks has been seen – and caught on film – engaging in a three-way bout of reproductive hanky-panky ...

Marsupials such as kangaroos or wallabies are known for their very different reproductive strategy compared to other mammals. They give birth to their young at a very early stage and significant ...

1. The evolution of self-pollination has long been considered an adaptive strategy to cope with low or variable pollinator service; however, alternative reproductive strategies, such as generalized ...

Emigrants and alate exules of Rhopalosiphum padi were kept on good and poor quality hosts. Alate exules on good hosts were more fecund than those on poor hosts. Host quality did not affect the ...