tRNAs have a distinct cloverleaf secondary structure and an L-shaped tertiary structure. The cloverleaf structure is formed by the folding of the single-stranded tRNA molecule, which is typically ...

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are ubiquitous enzymes that provide the critical link between the genetic code and protein biosynthesis. By precisely catalysing the attachment of amino acids to ...

Collaborative research by the University of Tokyo and RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research has led to the development of a new method for simultaneously synthesizing all transfer RNA (tRNA) ...

The ribosome, that protein-making machine, relies on other, smaller machines. For example, it works in concert with a mechanism that supplies amino-acid-carrying tRNAs, including tRNAs that require ...

Archaeosine is synthesized via three steps in tRNA. ArcS, the second-step enzyme, transfers a lysine to preQ 0, which is introduced into tRNA by ArcTGT, the first-step enzyme. The resultant preQ 0-Lys ...

The process of 'translation' in protein synthesis involves formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids that are attached to two distinct transfer RNAs (tRNAs). For long, scientists have been ...

The synthesis of archaeosine involves multiple steps, with the first step introducing a preQ 0 base into tRNA via ArcTGT. In the second step, ArcS transfers an amino acid, lysine, to the preQ 0 base ...

With the principles of molecular biology very much in the zeitgeist these days, we thought it would be handy to provide some sort of visual aid to help our readers understand the complex molecular ...

RNA-based medicines are transforming the way we treat disease—offering targeted, precision therapies for conditions ranging ...

During protein synthesis, the genetic information stored in DNA is first transcribed into mRNA. The mRNA then travels to the ribosome, where translation occurs. Here's how anticodons facilitate the ...

Gene editing can repair mutations that prematurely halt protein synthesis, resulting in incomplete peptides that cause various diseases. However, other approaches achieve the same effect without ...